Difference between revisions of "EntangledSubspace"

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===Notes===
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==Notes==
 
The largest r-entangled subspace of <math>\mathbb{C}^m \otimes \mathbb{C}^n</math> has dimension (m-r)(n-r), so requesting a larger subspace will produce an error message. The method of construction that this function uses was described in <ref name="CMW">T. S. Cubitt, A. Montanaro, and A. Winter. On the dimension of subspaces with bounded Schmidt rank. <em>J. Math. Phys.</em> 49:022107, 2008. E-print: [https://arxiv.org/abs/0706.0705 arXiv:0706.0705] [quant-ph]</ref>. The basis produced by this function is sparse.
 
The largest r-entangled subspace of <math>\mathbb{C}^m \otimes \mathbb{C}^n</math> has dimension (m-r)(n-r), so requesting a larger subspace will produce an error message. The method of construction that this function uses was described in <ref name="CMW">T. S. Cubitt, A. Montanaro, and A. Winter. On the dimension of subspaces with bounded Schmidt rank. <em>J. Math. Phys.</em> 49:022107, 2008. E-print: [https://arxiv.org/abs/0706.0705 arXiv:0706.0705] [quant-ph]</ref>. The basis produced by this function is sparse.
  

Latest revision as of 01:42, 1 August 2023

EntangledSubspace
Produces a basis of an r-entangled subspace

Other toolboxes required none
Related functions SchmidtRank
Function category Entanglement and separability

EntangledSubspace is a function that that creates a basis of an entangled subspace (i.e., a subspace of \(\mathbb{C}^m \otimes \mathbb{C}^n\) in which every pure state is entangled), or more generally a basis of an r-entangled subspace (i.e., a subspace of \(\mathbb{C}^m \otimes \mathbb{C}^n\) in which every pure state has Schmidt rank strictly greater than r).

Syntax

  • E = EntangledSubspace(DIM,LOCALDIM)
  • E = EntangledSubspace(DIM,LOCALDIM,R)

Argument descriptions

  • DIM: The dimension of the desired subspace.
  • LOCALDIM: A scalar indicating the local dimension of the (bipartite) ambient space that the subspace will live in, or a 2-entry vector indicating its two local dimensions.
  • R (optional, default 1): A (strict) lower bound on the Schmidt rank of pure states in the subspace.

Examples

A two-qutrit entangled subspace of maximum dimension

The largest entangled subspace of \(\mathbb{C}^3 \otimes \mathbb{C}^3\) has dimension 4. We can generate an entangled subspace of this dimension:

>> E = EntangledSubspace(4,3)

E =

   (2,1)        1
   (6,1)        1
   (1,2)        1
   (5,2)        1
   (9,2)        1
   (4,3)        1
   (8,3)        1
   (1,4)        1
   (5,4)        2
   (9,4)        3

The columns of this matrix are the basis vectors of the subspace. To get a clearer picture of this, it is perhaps useful to convert the function's sparse output to full:

>> full(E)

ans =

     0     1     0     1
     1     0     0     0
     0     0     0     0
     0     0     1     0
     0     1     0     2
     1     0     0     0
     0     0     0     0
     0     0     1     0
     0     1     0     3

Indeed, those four columns are linearly independent, and any linear combination of them is entangled.

A 2-entangled subspace with unequal local dimensions

The largest 2-entangled subspace of \(\mathbb{C}^4 \otimes \mathbb{C}^5\) has dimension 6. We can generate a 2-entangled subspace of this dimension as follows:

>> E = full(EntangledSubspace(6,[4,5],2))

E =

     0     0     1     0     0     1
     0     1     0     0     1     0
     1     0     0     0     0     0
     0     0     0     0     0     0
     0     0     0     0     0     0
     0     0     0     1     0     0
     0     0     1     0     0     2
     0     1     0     0     2     0
     1     0     0     0     0     0
     0     0     0     0     0     0
     0     0     0     0     0     0
     0     0     0     1     0     0
     0     0     1     0     0     3
     0     1     0     0     3     0
     1     0     0     0     0     0
     0     0     0     0     0     0
     0     0     0     0     0     0
     0     0     0     1     0     0
     0     0     1     0     0     4
     0     1     0     0     4     0

Notes

The largest r-entangled subspace of \(\mathbb{C}^m \otimes \mathbb{C}^n\) has dimension (m-r)(n-r), so requesting a larger subspace will produce an error message. The method of construction that this function uses was described in [1]. The basis produced by this function is sparse.

Source code

Click here to view this function's source code on github.

References

  1. T. S. Cubitt, A. Montanaro, and A. Winter. On the dimension of subspaces with bounded Schmidt rank. J. Math. Phys. 49:022107, 2008. E-print: arXiv:0706.0705 [quant-ph]